Was the liberalism that informed America’s founding rationalistic, individualistic, and godless? Many intellectuals and commentators have so contended—usually those on the political left, who tend to view those features as desirable. But in recent years, the American founding has also come under criticism from thinkers on the political right. They make the same accusations, differing from their left-wing counterparts in decrying these alleged traits of American liberalism. Prominent examples include Yoram Hazony, Patrick Deneen, and Adrian Vermeule, who offer variations on the argument that today’s antisocial and atheistic pathologies are the necessary consequences of American liberalism.
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